Peran Coginitive Moral Development dalam Pengembangan Moral dan Perilaku Prososial Siswa Sekolah Dasar: Studi Literatur

Abstract

This research aims to comprehensively analyze the cognitive moral development model in developing morals and prosocial behavior in students, particularly at the elementary school level. The background of this research is based on the phenomenon of declining moral values ​​in students amidst rapid technological developments and social change, as well as the continued dominance of theoretical and less contextual moral learning. The method used is a systematic literature review, examining various relevant scientific journals to obtain a comprehensive overview of the concept, implementation, and effectiveness of this approach. The results show that the cognitive moral development model is effective in improving students' moral reasoning skills, empathy, and prosocial behavior through experiential learning such as moral dilemma discussions, role-playing, and reflective activities. Furthermore, innovative approaches such as digital storytelling, project-based learning, and cognitive behavioral play therapy have been shown to strengthen the integration of cognitive, affective, and behavioral aspects in moral learning. However, implementation in the field still faces various obstacles, such as limited teacher competency, suboptimal teaching materials, and a lack of integration of moral values ​​into the curriculum. Therefore, the development of more contextual, innovative, and collaborative learning strategies between schools, families, and the community is necessary. This research is expected to provide theoretical contributions to the development of moral education studies and practical contributions as a reference in designing more effective and relevant learning to meet the needs of students in the modern era.